![]() The field is at the intersection of mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrical engineering. For example, a fair coin flip will have less entropy than a roll of a die.Īpplications of fundamental topics of information theory include lossless data compression (e.g. Intuitively, entropy quantifies the uncertainty involved when encountering a random variable. ![]() Ī key measure of information in the theory is known as information entropy, which is usually expressed by the average number of bits needed for storage or communication. Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography generally, networks other than communication networks - as in neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis. Historically, information theory was developed to find fundamental limits on compressing and reliably communicating data. Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Not to be confused with information technology, information science, or informatics.
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